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random forest

In machine learning, a random forest is an ML algorithm which implements ensemble learning. By using random forests, we aggregate multiple decision tree ML models and select the optimal classifier or predictor from them.

randomized search

In machine learning, randomized search is a hyperparameter optimization method which takes a distribution of parameter combinations, trains a model using a random sampling of those combinations, and then returns the combination that best optimizes a specified evaluation metric.

RBF

The Gaussian RBF (radial basis function) kernel is a kernel trick method that projects a new feature space in higher dimensions by measuring the distance between all data examples and data examples that are defined as centers.

recall

Recall (also known as sensitivity) is the ratio of true positives (based on the confusion matrix) by all positives (=true positives + false negatives). It is commonly used in conjunction with precision and it is needed when we must minimize false negatives. Recall can be considered the opposite metric of specificity. Recall is a measure ... Read more

recommendation system

A recommendation system is a a computing system which suggests items, services, and other things of interest to users.

regression

Regression is a type of machine learning task which measures the relationship between variables and outputs an estimation for a numeric variable. There are various regression algorithms which output a numeric value, e.g. the estimated value of a good/service price.

regularization

In machine learning, regularization is a method by which the ML model cost/error function is changed, to include an extra variable called the regularization hyperparameter. There are two basic types of regularization: L1-norm (lasso regression) and L2-norm (ridge regression). The lasso regularization uses the L1 norm parameter. The lasso regularized cost function is calculated as ... Read more

reinforcement learning

Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning family of algorithms in which a software agent acts in an environment in order to obtain a reward. This type of algorithm is particularly popular in autonomous vehicle and aircraft management.

ReLU function

The ReLU (rectified linear unit function) function is an ANN activation function which calculates a linear function of the inputs. If the result is positive, it outputs that result. If it is negative, it outputs 0. The mathematical formula for the ReLU function is f (x) = max(0, x). The graph of the ReLU function ... Read more

Responsible AI

While AI technologies advance, there are various ethical, legal, security and privacy considerations which must be taken into account. These considerations are commonly referred to as "Responsible AI". Each AI software and hardware vendor classifies responsible AI and AI ethics areas differently. Some example areas which constitute Responsible AI are the following: Explainability and interpretability ... Read more

ridge regression

Ridge regression is a regularization technique which uses an ℓ2 norm to constrain features used to train a model.

RMSE

RMSE is simply the root of the MSE statistical metric. RMSE stands for Root Mean Squared Error. The RMSE is in the same metric scale as the observed parameters, same as the MAE metric. RMSE is a calculation for the standard deviation of residuals. Compared to RMSE, MSE is a calculation of the variance of ... Read more

RNN

RNN stands for recurrent neural network and is a type of artificial neural network (ANN) which is a non feed-forward neural network (FNN). This means that an RNN accommodates for information flow from left to right but also from right to left. This is because an RNN typically features one or more memory cells inside ... Read more

robotics

Robotics is a multi-disciplinary scientific area which involves studying, designing, and operating robots in coordination with operating machine learning models and AI applications for these robots.

ROC curve

The ROC curve is the receiver operating characteristic curve. It is a method of plotting the relationship between estimated hits (true positive rate) versus false alarms (false positive rate) in machine learning classification models.

RPC

Microsoft Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a protocol defined by Microsoft to allow for distributed communication processes running between clients and servers in a network. RPC offloads the networking-related process management and allows developers to focus on application logic development.