In statistics, a percentile is a term that describes how a score compares to other scores from the same set. While there is no universal definition of percentile, it is commonly expressed as the percentage of values in a set of data scores that fall below a given value, for example the 25th percentile, the ... Read more
A perceptron is a type of algorithm which is utilized by ANNs to solve binary classification problems.
Periodicity is a term used in seasonal forecasting models. It is used to signify the number of observations which comprise a single season.
Perturbation refers to a set of methods for distorting the pixels in an image without compromising the overall information contained within it. These methods can be changing the image's resolution, converting it from color to greyscale, reverting the image dimensions, etc.
PII stands for personally identifiable information. This refers to information (data) which must be protected to ensure the privacy of the people described by that information.
In machine learning, an ML pipeline is a sequential set of tasks which automate the machine learning process by feeding the output of one task into the input of the next task. Pipeline is a concept which can be found in other information technology principles as well. For example, in devops, a CI/CD cloud pipeline, ... Read more
A PoC stands for proof of concept. A PoC is a project which runs in preparation of a production project, in order to prove that the products, services, resources in the solution design actually cover the originally assumed technical and business requirements. Any potential functional and non-functional issues should be discovered and corrected, so that ... Read more
The polynomial kernel is a kernel trick method that uses polynomial values as part of its feature space projection. The polynomial kernel is used with support vector machines (SVMs) and other kernelized ML models.
The pooling layer is a type of layer in a convolutional neural network (CNN) which applies an aggregation function to input features in order to make a more efficient selection.
PRC stands for precision–recall curve. It is a method of visualizing the tradeoff between precision and recall. Precision and recall are both model performance metrics , aka cost function, for classification systems.
In statistics and machine learning, precision is a measure of how often the positives identified by a learning model are true positives. This is a division of true positives (based on the confusion matrix) by all estimated positives (=true positives + false positives). The precision metric is commonly used in conjunction with recall, to evaluate ... Read more
Prediction is a machine learning task of estimating the state of something in the future based on past or current data. Various AI apps utilize prediction features.
The principle of least privilege is a cybersecurity principle by which a user is only given the permissions they need to do their job, and no more than that. For example, joining a Windows Server virtual machine to an Active Directory domain does not necessarily require an admin to be a domain administrator but rather ... Read more
Privacy by design is an approach to software development which takes privacy into account throughout every phase of development. This involves strict cybersecurity design rules embedded into the software development process, including proper unit testing.
In semi-supervised learning, a pseudo-label is an estimation made from an ML model which is used as the label in training another ML model. In other words, ML semi-supervised learning is named as such because one ML model infers the labels for another ML model. Initially no labels are provided in the ML training dataset.
Python is an imperative computer programming language. Python is very versatile and flexible and can accommodate a series of problem solving algorithms in various knowledge domains. One scientific area in which Python excels is Machine Learning and, consequently, Artificial Intelligence. Python code, including libraries of classes and functions, are organized into packages and modules. A ... Read more
QR code QR code (Quick Response code) is a type of two-dimensional (2D) matrix barcode.
In machine learning, qualitative data is data which holds categorical values.
In machine learning, quantitative data is data which holds numerical values that represent magnitude. This is in contrast to qualitative data, which actually hold categorical values.
A quasi identifier in machine learning is a data value which does not directly contain personally identifiable information (PII). Instead quasi data is typically used in conjunction with other data to uniquely identify an individual.